CAMPUS HERBS

Biodiversity in our school

Family Amaranthaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Tracheophyta > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Aerva > Aerva lanata
Common Name Mountain knotgrass
Vernacular Name ചെറൂള
Habit perennial herbaceous plant
Habitat often seen growing in semi-arid regions
Nativity Africa, Asia, and Australia

Description: Aerva lanata (L.), also known as mountain knotgrass or woolly aerva, is a species of flowering plant in the Amaranthaceae family. It is native to various regions of Africa,Asia, and Australia.This plant is a perennial herb that typically grows in dry and arid habitats such as sandy soils, rocky areas, and wastelands. It has erect stems covered with dense woolly hairs, giving it a distinctive appearance.The leaves are simple,alternate,and lanceolate, also covered with woolly hairs. Aerva lanata produces small, inconspicuous flowers arranged in clusters at the tips of the stems.

Uses Traditional Medicine
Flowering and Fruiting flower during the warmer months of the year.may extend into late summer or early autumn.
Distribution India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, northern parts of Australia , South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana.
Conservation Status Aerva lanata is not currently considered threatened or endangered
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Liliaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida >Asparagales>Xanthorrhoeaceae >Aloe >Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
Common Name Aloe vera
Vernacular Name കറ്റാർവാഴ
Habit Herb
Habitat Hilly areas, thicklets
Nativity Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE, Kuwait

Description: Aloe vera is a short-stemmed shrubby aloe, frequently suckering and forming dense clumps. Leaves: The leaves are succulent, erect, forming a dense rosette. The leaves are greyish green, growing to about 50 cm long, with margins that are pinkish with many small spines. The leaf surfaces are sometimes marked with white flecks or spots. The flowers are yellow, tubular with anthers and stigma protruding. The flowers are borne in cylindrical racemes on a branched panicle.

Uses Used in Folk medicine
Flowering and Fruiting Spring or summer
Distribution Global Distribution. India: Assam
Conservation Status Not known
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org/
Family Oxalidaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Oxalidales > Oxalidaceae > Biophytum > Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.
Common Name Little tree plant.
Vernacular Name മുക്കുറ്റി
Habit Herb
Habitat Grasslands, roadsides and agricultural fields.
Nativity Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Description: Biophytum sensitivum, also known as the sensitive plant or Little tree plant, is a small flowering plant.These are annuals which grow upto 25 cm in height. The base is woody. Stem is slender to robust, simple and at the apex is covered by dense thick hair. There are upto 13 leaves, the rachis is slender, moderately covered by dense thick hair, the leaflets are 6-14 pairs, the leaflet blades are obovate-oblong base is almost symmetric, usually smooth and sometimes covered by trichomes. There are several flowers on the umbels, the peduncle is 2-7 cm and is subequal to the length of leaf.

Uses Traditional Medicine and Anti-inflammatory Properties
Flowering and Fruiting Flowering and fruiting from July-December.
Distribution Asia,Sub-Saharan Africa and northern parts of Australia
Conservation Status It is not typically considered endangered or threatened.
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Caricaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae >Tracheophyta >Magnoliopsida > Capparales >Caricaceae >Carica >Carica papaya L.
Common Name Papaya
Vernacular Name പപ്പായ
Habit woody herb
Habitat low land land tropical areas
Nativity Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica

Description: Technically an evergreen tree-like herb, not a true tree due to its lack of woody tissue. Grows 2-10 meters tall with a single, unbranched hollow stem. Large, spirally arranged leaves clustered near the top of the stem. The leaves are deeply lobed with a palm-like appearance and can reach up to 75 cm in diameter.

Uses Improve heart health, delicious, used as a system of medicine in Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Homoeopathy, Folk medicine, Unani, Siddha, Modern medicine, Traditional chinese medicine
Flowering and Fruiting throughout the year It takes around 6-9 months for the papaya fruit to mature and reach its delicious, ripe stage.
Distribution Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra,kerala; America, Australia.
Conservation Status Data deficient (DD)
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Fabaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Fabales > Fabaceae >Crotalaria >Crotalaria retusa L.
Common Name Rattleweed
Vernacular Name കിലുക്കിച്ചെടി
Habit Herb
Habitat Open,Sunny areas
Nativity Asia, Africa, Australia

Description: It's an annual herb that typically grows 2-5 feet tall with erect, green, angular branches. The leaves are soft, dark green on top and lighter underneath, with an alternate arrangement and a narrowly oblong or wedge shape.The bright yellow flowers bloom in loose clusters at the ends of the stems. The thin-walled pods grow spaced out along the stems and turn dark purple to black when ripe. Each pod contains around 18-20 small brown seeds.

Uses Green manure,Fiber Crop,Folk Medicine
Flowering and Fruiting September-January
Distribution Asia, Africa and Australia
Conservation Status Not known
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Rubiaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae >Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Oldenlandia > Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Common Name clustered mille graines
Vernacular Name പർപ്പടകപ്പുല്ല്
Habit low-growing, spreading herb
Habitat agricultural fields, and open woodlands.
Nativity Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.

Description: Oldenlandia corymbosa L., commonly known as clustered millet graines or oldenlandia, is a species of flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. It has small white flowers and opposite, lance-shaped leaves.

Uses Antimicrobial Activity , Anti-inflammatory Effects
Flowering and Fruiting flowering and fruiting times may vary depending on factors such as local climate, environmental conditions, and geographical location.
Distribution Africa,Asia,Australia,Americas
Conservation Status It is not considered threatened on a global scale
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Phyllanthaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae> Tracheophyta> Equisetopsida > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae>Phyllanthus>Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.
Common Name stonebreaker
Vernacular Name കീഴാർനെല്ലി
Habit Herb
Habitat Disturbed areas, grasslands, forests, and along roadsides.
Nativity Native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world

Description: Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., commonly known as Phyllanthus or stonebreaker, is a small annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family. Phyllanthus amarus is a slender, herbaceous plant that typically grows up to about 30 to 60 centimeters in height. The leaves are small, alternate, and elliptical in shape, with smooth margins. They are arranged in a spiral pattern along the stems.The flowers are tiny and inconspicuous, greenish-yellow to reddish in color, and often clustered in the leaf axils. The fruit of Phyllanthus amarus is a small, spherical capsule containing seeds

Uses Traditional Plant and Health Product
Flowering and Fruiting throughout the year
Distribution Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Conservation Status not listed on the IUCN Red List.
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Piperaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae>Tracheophyta >Magnoliopsida >Piperales >Piperaceae >Piper >Piper nigrum L.
Common Name Pepper
Vernacular Name കുരുമുളക്
Habit Perennial Woody Wine
Habitat Cultivated, forest clearings
Nativity Madagascar

Description: It is commonly known as black pepper, is a flowering vine in the Piperaceae family cultivated for its fruit, the peppercorn, which is dried and used as a spice and seasoning.Stout woody climbers, climbing up to 8 m high. Rooting at nodes, glabrous.

Uses Used as Firewood and medicines
Flowering and Fruiting March-August
Distribution India: Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu
Conservation Status Not known
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org