CAMPUS SHRUBS

Biodiversity in our school

Family Apocyanaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae >Tracheophyta >Magnoliopsida >Gentianales >Apocynaceae >Allamanda >Allamanda cathartica L.
Common Name Kolaambi
Vernacular Name കോളാമ്പി
Habit Shrub
Habitat Cultivated
Nativity Bolivia, Brazil (North, Northeast, South, Southeast, West-Central), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana

Description: An ever green scandent shrub; branches circular, smooth and green. Leaves in whorls of 4 or opposite, oblong, obovate or oblanceolate.Flower showy, bright yellow. c. 8 cm in diameter. Sepals 5, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, glabrous, c. 7-10 mm long. Corolla tube c.2.5 cm long, throat infundibuliform.

Uses Traditional medicine,Ornamental plant
Flowering and Fruiting All year round in warm climates
Distribution Assam,Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela
Conservation Status No threats
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Nyctaginaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae >Tracheophyta >Equisetopsida >Caryophyllales >Nyctaginaceae>Bougainvillea>Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.
Common Name Great bougainvillea
Vernacular Name Paper flower
Habit Shrub
Habitat General Habitat
Nativity South America,Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay.

Description: Bougainvillea is a genus of thorny ornamental vines, bushes, and trees belonging to the four o'clock family, Nyctaginaceae. It's known for its vibrant display of colorful bracts that many mistake for flowers.

Uses Bougainvillea boasts a variety of uses, both ornamental and potentially medicinal.
Flowering and Fruiting All year round
Distribution Assam, Bihar, Gujarat; Brazil
Conservation Status Doesn't have a formal conservation status assigned by international organizations like IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature).
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Apocynaceae.
Taxonomic position Plantae >Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Catharanthus > Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Common Name Madagascar periwinkle
Vernacular Name ശവംനാരി
Habit Shrub
Habitat Cosmopolitian
Nativity Madagascar

Description: Catharanthus roseus is a short-lived perennial.The most common Catharanthus species is Catharanthus roseus formerly known as Vinca rosea. Catharanthus roseus flowers come in a vibrant range, including shades of pink, white, red, lilac, and even bicolor varieties.The flowers have a trumpet or funnel-like shape with five flattened petal lobes.

Uses It's the source of vincristine and vinblastine, important drugs used to treat various cancers.While medicinally valuable, all parts of the Catharanthus roseus plant are poisonous if ingested.
Flowering and Fruiting Blooms year-round
Distribution Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharastra,madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh; Madagascar ,Bongaigaon, Kamrup
Conservation Status Not extinct
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Asteraceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Tracheophyta>Magnoliopsida >Asterales >Asteraceae >Chromolaena>Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
Common Name Venapacha
Vernacular Name കമ്മ്യുണിസ്റ്റ് പച്ച
Habit Shrub
Habitat Mixed deciduous forest.A weed in all terrestrial habitats
Nativity A native of the South American tropics

Description: This flowering shrub is native to north and central America, and has been introduced to parts of Asia, Africa and Australia. It spreads very rapidly after disturbances like fire or clearing of land for agriculture, and suppresses the growth of native understorey species. It is a perennial herb that has wind dispersed seeds, that can also attach to fur, clothes, etc and this facilitates long distance seed dispersal

Uses Used in Folk medicine.
Flowering and Fruiting November-May.
Distribution In India: Assam, Karnataka, Manipur, Odisha; America.
Conservation Status Not known.
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Rutaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae >Tracheophyta >Magnoliopsida >Sapindales >Rutace > Citrus > Citrus aurantifolia
Common Name Lime
Vernacular Name നാരകം
Habit Shrub to Small tree
Habitat tropical to subtropical climates
Nativity Native of Malaysia . Cultivated in India

Description: Citrus aurantifolia typically grows to a height of 2 to 5 meters , although it can reach up to 6 meters.The tree has thorny branches and glossy, dark green leaves that emit a citrusy fragrance when crushed. The fruit of Citrus aurantifolia is small, round to oval-shaped, and usually measures about 3 to 6 centimeters in diameter. When unripe, the fruit is green, turning yellow when ripe. The rind is thin and smooth, and the flesh is juicy, acidic, and aromatic. The seeds are small and ovoid. The tree produces fragrant white flowers with five petals, often appearing in clusters.

Uses Juice , Digestive aid & Vitamin C Source
Flowering and Fruiting March to June and August to October
Distribution Malaysia, Indonesia, and India.
Conservation Status is not as the IUCN List of Threatened Species.
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Asparagaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Asparagales > Asparagaceae > Lomandroideae > Cordyline > Cordyline fruticosa (L.)
Common Name Good Luck Plant
Vernacular Name കാണാമുള്ളി
Habit Shrub
Habitat Grown as garden plant
Nativity Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines.

Description: Cordyline fruticosa, formerly known as Cordyline terminalis, is a species of flowering plant in the Asparagus family, Asparagaceae. It is native to tropical regions of Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, and various Pacific Islands. Cordyline fruticosa is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive foliage and colorful leaves.

Uses Ornamental Plant
Flowering and Fruiting March-April
Distribution Tropical South East Asia, Australia and Pacific Island
Conservation Status Cordyline fruticosa is not considered threatened or endangered
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Rubiaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae >Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Ixora > Ixora coccinea L
Common Name Needle flower,Flame of the woods
Vernacular Name ചെത്തി
Habit Shrub
Habitat Open areas
Nativity West and south India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh to Indo china

Description: A dense multi-branching evergreen shrub that is notable for its brightly colored blooms. The scarlet, tubular flowers grow in dense rounded clusters and can bloom year-round in the right conditions. Ixora coccinea is a member of the Rubiaceae family and is a showy relative of coffee.

Uses The flowers, leaves, roots, and the stem are used to treat various ailments in the Indian traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda, and in various folk medicines, in traditional Indian medicine the fusion of juice leaves and the fruit of Ixora coccinea is used to care for dysentery, ulcers and gonorrhea.
Flowering and Fruiting Througout the year but best during the rains
Distribution Andaman Is., Belize, Borneo, Caroline Is., Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, East Himalaya, El Salvador, Fiji, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Gulf of Guinea Is., Honduras, Malaya, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mexico Southeast, Nicaragua, Panamá, Queensland, Senegal, Western Australia
Conservation Status Not known
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Arecaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae>Tracheophytes > Angiosperms > Monocots >Commelinids > Arecales >Arecaceae >Trachycarpeae > Licuala> Licuala grandis
Common Name Ruffled fan palm.
Vernacular Name Ruffled Fan Palm
Habit Shrub
Habitat understory of primary and secondary tropical rain forests.
Nativity tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia

Description: Licuala grandis, commonly known as the ruffled fan palm, Vanuatu fan palm, or Palas palm, is a slow-growing, small palm tree with a solitary trunk that can reach up to 3 meters

Uses Ornamental Use &Traditional Use
Flowering and Fruiting June to August.
Distribution Grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.
Conservation Status Not known
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Musaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae> Tracheophyta> Liliopsida> Zingiberales> Musaceae> Musa> Musa paradisiaca L.
Common Name Banana Plant
Vernacular Name വാഴ
Habit clumped in habit
Habitat Tropical Climate Conditions
Nativity Southeast Asia

Description: Musa paradisiaca L., commonly known as the banana plant, isn't technically a tree but a giant herbaceous plant. Despite its size, reaching up to 9 meters (30 feet) tall, it has a soft, fleshy "trunk" called a pseudostem formed from its tightly wrapped leaf sheaths. The true star of the show is the oblong, fleshy fruit we know as a banana, borne in large drooping clusters. Towering above these are the banana plant's true claim to fame: massive, elongated, bright green leaves with prominent central ribs.

Uses a starchy staple food source when eaten ripe or unripe, strong fibers woven into textiles, a source of building materials, animal fodder, and even potential medicinal uses in various cultures.
Flowering and Fruiting throughout the year
Distribution Assam
Conservation Status Not Extinct
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Rubiaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae>Tracheophyta>Magnoliopsida>Gentianales> Rubiaceae> Mussaenda>Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn.
Common Name Mussaenda
Vernacular Name മുസണ്ട
Habit shrub
Habitat warmly temperate or subtropical areas
Nativity Southeast Asia

Description: The Mussaenda erythrophylla, also known as the Asian Wandelblume, Red Ivory Bush, Ashanti Blood, Red Flag Bush, or Tropical Dogwood, is a beautiful evergreen shrub native to West Africa. It's known for its showy and unusual flowers that bring a touch of the tropics to gardens and landscapes In some regions, parts of the plant are used in traditional medicine for various purposes, but scientific evidence to support these uses is lacking.

Uses Folk medicine
Flowering and Fruiting March-August
Distribution Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos (many tropical and subtropical regions around the world)
Conservation Status Threats
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Lamiaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Ocimum > Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Common Name Krishna thulasi
Vernacular Name കൃഷ്ണ തുളസി
Habit aromatic shrub
Habitat Sea level to an altitude of 2000 m
Nativity uncertain, but it likely originated somewhere in tropical areas around central and south Asia

Description: Ocimum tenuiflorum, also commonly known as holy basil, tulsi, or sacred basil, is a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae or mint family.Broadly elliptical with slightly toothed margins. Its Leaves range from 1.5 to 6 cm (0.6 to 2.4 inches) long and 1 to 2.5 cm (0.4 to 1 inch) wide. It is Covered in soft white hairs, giving them a fuzzy texture. Paired leaves with adjacent pairs growing at right angles to each other (decussate phyllotaxy) is its arrangement .When crushed, the leaves release a strong, musky scent with hints of mint and clove.

Uses Flowering agent,traditional medicine,essential oil,insect repellent.
Flowering and Fruiting Flowering peak during November-January.Fruiting throughout the year.
Distribution India: Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,uttar Pradesh
Conservation Status Not known
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Apocynaceae
Taxonomic position kingdom Plantae > Order Gentianales > Family Apocynaceae> Genus Plumeria> Species Plumeria pudica
Common Name Bridal bouquet
Vernacular Name വെള്ളചെമ്പകം
Habit shrub or tree
Habitat coastal areas, savannas, and disturbed habitats.
Nativity Caribbean

Description: Plumeria pudica is a small to medium-sized shrub or tree, typically reaching heights of 2 to 5 meters The leaves are leathery, elongated, and lanceolate in shape, with a distinctive fiddle-like appearance, hence the common name "Fiddle leaf plumeria.The flowers are typically white or pale yellow and have a unique shape, with elongated petals arranged in a pinwheel-like fashion. The flowers are borne in clusters at the tips of branches.The fruit of Plumeria pudica is a slender, elongated pod containing seeds.

Uses Ornamental
Flowering and Fruiting Throughout the year
Distribution Central and South America And Southeast Asia
Conservation Status Plumeria pudica is not listed on major conservation status of IUCN Red List.
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org
Family Asparagaceae
Taxonomic position Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Asparagales > Asparagaceae > Sansevieria > Sansevieria trifasciata Prain
Common Name Snake plant
Vernacular Name Mother-in-law tongue
Habit plentiful sunlight
Habitat Native to West and West Central Africa
Nativity tropical regions of Africa, specifically countries bordering the Indian Ocean like Madagascar, Mozambique, and Angola.

Description: Upright, sword-shaped leaves with a pointed tip, typically green with lighter green or gray bands.Thrives in low light, perfect for forgetful plant owners.Needs infrequent watering, tolerates drought well.Small, greenish-white, bloom occasionally in spring/summer indoors.

Uses Folk medicine, traditional chinease medicine
Flowering and Fruiting rare occurrence
Distribution West Africa
Conservation Status Not threatened
References https://indiabiodiversity.org
https://powo.science.kew.org